Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

884
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
884
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

992
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
992
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

1.7K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.7K
Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

1.1K
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
1.1K
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

309
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
309
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

304
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
304

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

More polished, not necessarily more learned: LLMs and perceived text quality in higher education.

Frontiers in artificial intelligence·2025
Same author

Brief empathy interventions online can decrease but not increase empathic tendencies.

Communications psychology·2025
Same author

The role of affordances in technological cognition.

Cognitive neuroscience·2025
Same author

Correction: Correlates of Vocal Tract Evolution in Late Pliocene and Pleistocene Hominins.

Human nature (Hawthorne, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Gaze and movement adaptation in response to delayed robotic movement during turn-taking.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Improving the efficacy of enuresis alarm treatment through early prediction of treatment outcome: a machine learning approach.

Frontiers in urology·2025
Same journal

Characterizing facilitators and barriers to Hypoglycemic Confidence among patients with diabetes: a qualitative descriptive study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Psychometric evaluation and refinement of the 7DHW questionnaire for the German population.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Editorial: Ethical leadership and workplace equity: mediating and moderating mechanisms in emotional labor and well-being.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

How organizational support promotes teacher professional recognition: a perspective on teachers' autonomous learning and teaching abilities.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

From "performance competition arena" to "psychological exemption zone": psychological safety mechanisms in reverse mobility.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

General and sport-specific mental toughness in university students: associations with personality traits and physical activity.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

12.9K

The Missing Link Between Memory and Reinforcement Learning.

Christian Balkenius1, Trond A Tjøstheim1, Birger Johansson1

  • 1Lund University Cognitive Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel decision-making model where choices are made by accumulating evidence over time, integrating memory systems with reinforcement learning. It explains how internal simulations and memory support complex choices, bridging memory and learning theories.

Keywords:
accumulator modeldecision makingepisodic memorymemory modelsemantic memory

More Related Videos

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

2.8K
Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 24, 2025

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

12.9K
Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

2.8K
Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice
06:04

Study Motor Skill Learning by Single-pellet Reaching Tasks in Mice

Published on: March 4, 2014

21.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Traditional reinforcement learning relies on immediate state-action value functions.
  • Human and animal decision-making involves accumulating evidence over time.
  • Previous work established a comprehensive memory processing model (semantic, episodic, working memory).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an extended model for decision-making based on evidence accumulation.
  • To demonstrate how memory mechanisms support choices when immediate evaluation is not possible.
  • To link memory systems with reinforcement learning through a unified decision-making framework.

Main Methods:

  • Extending a previously developed memory processing architecture.
  • Modeling decision-making as a process of evidence accumulation over time.
  • Incorporating internal simulations of future consequences based on memory.

Main Results:

  • The model explains immediate choices, multi-sensory choices, and complex choices requiring forward-looking simulations.
  • Vicarious trial and error is modeled as internal simulations that accumulate choice evidence.
  • The framework integrates semantic and episodic memory with reinforcement learning.

Conclusions:

  • The extended model provides a unified account of decision-making, integrating memory and reinforcement learning.
  • This approach explains how evidence accumulation, supported by memory, underlies complex choices.
  • The model offers a "missing link" between memory systems and associative learning principles.