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Multicritical points in driven-dissipative systems reveal genuinely nonequilibrium behavior. A model of interacting bosons shows discrete scale invariance, complex exponents, and violated fluctuation-dissipation relations, observable in cavity arrays.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Condensed Matter Theory

Background:

  • Driven-dissipative systems typically exhibit classical equilibrium behavior despite their nonequilibrium origin.
  • Understanding genuine nonequilibrium phenomena is crucial for advancing beyond classical physics limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate multicritical points in driven-dissipative systems for novel nonequilibrium phenomena.
  • To analyze a specific model of interacting bosons exhibiting coupled phase transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dynamical renormalization-group approach to study critical behavior.
  • Analyzed a driven-dissipative model of interacting bosons with ℤ 2 × ℤ 2 symmetry.

Main Results:

  • Identified emergent nonequilibrium fixed points (NEFPs) governing long-distance critical behavior.
  • Observed reduction of continuous scale invariance to discrete scale invariance, leading to complex critical exponents and spiraling phase boundaries.
  • Demonstrated violation of the fluctuation-dissipation relation, indicating an effective 'hotter' temperature at longer wavelengths.

Conclusions:

  • Multicritical points in driven-dissipative systems are a source of rich, genuinely nonequilibrium behavior.
  • The observed phenomena, including discrete scale invariance and violated fluctuation-dissipation relations, offer direct evidence of nonequilibrium physics.
  • Proposed cavity arrays with cross-Kerr nonlinearities as a potential experimental platform for observing these effects.