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Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: January 12, 2021

T cell receptor sequencing in autoimmunity.

Angela M Mitchell¹, Aaron W Michels¹

¹Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045.

Journal of Life Sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)

|December 28, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing reveals insights into autoimmune diseases. This technology helps understand disease development, identify biomarkers, and develop new therapies for autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:

HLA MHC T cell receptor TCR sequencing autoimmunity

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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics

Background:

T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, recognizing peptides via T cell receptors (TCRs).
TCR gene rearrangement creates a diverse repertoire, essential for pathogen defense but potentially implicated in autoimmunity when self-peptides are recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methodologies and advancements in T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing.
To discuss recent studies applying TCR sequencing to various autoimmune conditions.
To highlight the potential of TCR sequencing in understanding autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on TCR sequencing technologies.
Analysis of recent studies utilizing TCR sequencing in autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

TCR sequencing methodologies have rapidly evolved.
Studies show TCR repertoire analysis is valuable in understanding autoimmune conditions.

Conclusions:

TCR sequencing offers a powerful approach to unravel autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
This technology can identify disease-specific biomarkers.
TCR sequencing may aid in developing novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune disorders.