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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

23.9K
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

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pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
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Modulating lysosomal pH: a molecular and nanoscale materials design perspective.

Jialiu Zeng1,2, Orian S Shirihai3,4, Mark W Grinstaff1,4,5

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.

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Lysosomes maintain cell health through acidity and enzymes, but impaired lysosomal pH drives diseases. This review explores modulating lysosomal pH for new therapeutic strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lysosomes are vital organelles regulating cellular processes and homeostasis via an acidic environment (pH 4.5-5.0) and hydrolytic enzymes.
  • Dysfunctional lysosomal acidification is implicated in the pathogenesis of major diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer, metabolic disorders, and infections.
  • Targeting lysosomal pH presents a promising therapeutic avenue, yet effective modulation strategies are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of lysosomal pH in various disease states.
  • To discuss current and emerging strategies for modulating lysosomal acidification.
  • To explore molecular and nanoscale agents for therapeutic intervention targeting lysosomal pH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lysosomal function and disease pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of existing and proposed methods for lysosomal pH modulation.
  • Discussion of therapeutic design strategies for targeting lysosomal acidification.

Main Results:

  • Lysosomal acidification is a key factor in cellular homeostasis and disease development.
  • Various diseases are linked to impaired lysosomal pH, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
  • Novel molecular and nanoscale agents offer potential for targeted lysosomal pH modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating lysosomal pH is a viable therapeutic strategy for a range of diseases.
  • Further research into targeted agents is needed to develop effective treatments.
  • Understanding lysosomal acidification mechanisms is crucial for advancing therapeutic interventions.