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Intravaginal progesterone (P4) devices improved pregnancy rates in cattle compared to injectable P4. However, injectable P4 offers a simpler method and a viable alternative for timed artificial insemination (TAI).

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology in cattle
  • Artificial insemination protocols
  • Livestock reproduction management

Background:

  • Progesterone (P4) plays a crucial role in estrous cycle synchronization and maintenance of pregnancy in cattle.
  • Various methods exist for P4 administration, including intravaginal devices and injectable formulations, each with potential benefits and drawbacks.
  • Optimizing P4 supplementation is key to improving reproductive efficiency in cattle breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare follicular and corpus luteum dynamics, and serum P4 concentrations between conventional intravaginal P4 device and injectable P4 protocols.
  • To characterize the serum P4 profile following injectable P4 administration in ovariectomized heifers.
  • To evaluate and compare pregnancy rates achieved with intravaginal P4 devices versus injectable P4 protocols in timed artificial insemination (TAI).

Main Methods:

  • Experiment I: Multiparous cows were assigned to either an intravaginal P4 device or an injectable P4 synchronization protocol.
  • Experiment II: Ovariectomized heifers received injectable P4, with blood sampling to determine serum P4 profiles.
  • Experiment III: Multiparous cows underwent TAI using either intravaginal P4 devices or injectable P4.

Main Results:

  • Cows receiving the P4 device exhibited larger dominant follicle diameters and higher ovulation rates post-induction compared to the injectable P4 group.
  • Injectable P4 resulted in a higher daily follicular growth rate than the intravaginal device.
  • Serum P4 peaked within 48 hours and declined after 96 hours following injectable P4 administration.
  • Pregnancy rates were significantly higher in cows treated with intravaginal P4 devices (60.4%) compared to the injectable P4 group (34.0%).

Conclusions:

  • Intravaginal P4 devices are associated with superior pregnancy rates in cattle compared to injectable P4 protocols.
  • Injectable P4 protocols, despite lower pregnancy rates in this study, offer a more convenient administration method.
  • Injectable P4 presents a practical and promising alternative for timed artificial insemination protocols in cattle management.