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Updated: Nov 24, 2025

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Advances in vascularized flaps for skull base reconstruction.

Amanda Oostra1, Christos Koutsarnakis2, Christos Georgalas3

  • 1Academic Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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Recent advancements in skull base reconstruction feature novel vascularized flaps for complex defects. Extranasal flaps are also adapted for endoscopic use, expanding surgical options.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • Anterior skull base surgery techniques are evolving.
  • Vascularized flaps are crucial for reconstruction.
  • Recent years have seen diversification in flap options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review developments in skull base reconstruction using vascularized flaps.
  • To analyze international experience with vascularized flaps over the last 18 months.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications (last 18 months).
  • Focus on novel and modified vascularized flaps.
  • Analysis of intranasal and extranasal flap applications.

Main Results:

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  • Novel or modified vascularized intranasal flaps described for larger defects, medial orbital wall, and anterior skull base reconstruction.
  • Specific flaps mentioned include the septal flip-flap and nasoseptal flap modifications.
  • Established extranasal vascularized flaps are adapted for endoscopic skull base surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Overview of latest developments in vascularized flaps for skull base reconstruction.
  • Discussion of new implications, modifications, and viability predictions.
  • Highlighting both intranasal and extranasal flap advancements.