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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Speech Processing
  • Hearing Aid Technology

Background:

  • The frequency following response (FFR) measures brainstem encoding of speech.
  • Hearing aid signal processing alters speech bandwidth, potentially affecting neural representations.
  • Previous studies on filtering effects on FFRs used limited cutoff frequencies and focused mainly on f0.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of various filtering conditions on the brainstem neural representation of speech fundamental frequency (f0) and the first formant (F1).
  • To assess envelope and spectral FFRs to filtered vowel stimuli across a wide range of cutoff frequencies.
  • To inform the use of FFRs for objective hearing aid fitting evaluations.

Main Methods:

  • Measured envelope and spectral FFRs to a synthetic vowel /u/ in normal-hearing adults.
  • Employed low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filtering with cutoff frequencies from 0.125 to 8 kHz.
  • Utilized Fast Fourier Transform analysis to quantify neural representation strength of f0 and F1 harmonics.

Main Results:

  • Brainstem f0 representation decreased with low-pass filtering below 0.5-0.75 kHz and high-pass filtering at 6 kHz.
  • Band-pass filtering showed a significant effect on neural phase-locking to f0, with 2-4 kHz yielding stronger responses.
  • Neural encoding of F1 in spectral FFRs was directly dependent on the presence of stimulus energy within the F1 region.

Conclusions:

  • FFR reflects speech envelope and spectral characteristics, influenced by filtering.
  • Preserving stimulus energy at F1 and F2 enhances neural responses at f0.
  • FFR is a viable objective measure for evaluating hearing aid fitting, particularly concerning altered bandwidths.