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Physiological tests of small airways function in diagnosing asthma: a systematic review
Mohammed A Almeshari1,2, Nowaf Y Alobaidi3,4, Ross G Edgar3
1Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK mxa1066@student.bham.ac.uk.
BMJ Open Respiratory Research
|December 29, 2020
Summary
Tests of small airways function show differences in asthma patients compared to healthy individuals. However, current studies are small and varied, requiring further research for definitive diagnostic use.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Diagnostic Accuracy
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Asthma is a common respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and airflow limitation.
- Current asthma diagnosis relies on spirometry.
- The role of small airways function tests in asthma diagnosis requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the utility of small airways function tests in diagnosing asthma.
- To assess if commonly reported tests of small airways function can aid in asthma diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of multiple electronic databases was conducted.
- Studies included adults with asthma using physiological tests of small airways function.
- Risk of bias and quality assessment were performed using established tools.
Main Results:
- Ten studies met the review criteria, utilizing oscillometry and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF).
- Oscillometry revealed altered total resistance (R5) and reactance (X5) in asthma patients.
- MMEF was significantly lower in asthma patients compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Physiological tests of small airways function demonstrate differences between asthma patients and controls.
- However, the existing studies are small and heterogeneous, limiting definitive conclusions.
- Larger-scale studies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness and optimal methodology of these tests for asthma diagnosis.
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