3D endoscopy shows enhanced anatomical details and depth perception vs 2D: a multicentre study

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Surgical Technology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• High-resolution endoscopy (Full HD, 4K) is standard in FESS.
• 3D endoscopes offer potential for improved depth perception and anatomical detail.
• Limited evidence exists comparing 3D and 2D endoscopy in FESS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy and usability of 3D versus 2D endoscopy in FESS.
• To evaluate surgeon preference and objective measures between the two techniques.

Main Methods:

• Prospective randomized interventional multicenter study.
• 80 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis underwent bilateral FESS, with one side using 2D and the other 3D endoscopy.
• Surgeon questionnaires assessed visualization and handling; operative time was measured.

Main Results:

• 2D imaging was rated superior to 3D, except for "recognition of details", "depth perception", and "3D effect".
• 2D was also superior in usability, excluding "weight of endoscopes".
• Mean surgical duration was similar: 26.1 min for 2D vs. 27.4 min for 3D (P=0.219).

Conclusions:

• 3D endoscopy enhances depth perception and detail recognition but has lower overall picture quality.
• While beneficial for teaching, 2D endoscopy demonstrates better feasibility for routine FESS procedures.