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Acoustic Cell Patterning in Hydrogel for Three-Dimensional Cell Network Formation.

Kyo-In Koo1, Andreas Lenshof2, Le Thi Huong1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea.

Micromachines
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel acoustofluidic method using ultrasound to align fibroblast cells in hydrogels, creating interconnected 3D tissue networks. This technique shows promise for engineered organ development and future vascularized tissue creation.

Keywords:
acoustofluidicsfibroblast cellsthree-dimensional network structuretissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Acoustofluidics

Background:

  • Creating three-dimensional (3D) network-structured tissues is crucial for engineered organ and drug development.
  • Existing methods face challenges in achieving precise cellular alignment and network formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a direct hydrogel extrusion process utilizing ultrasound standing waves for controlled fibroblast cell alignment.
  • To engineer interconnected 3D cellular networks with potential applications in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Direct hydrogel extrusion of fibroblast cells suspended in sodium alginate through a square capillary.
  • Application of frequency-shifted ultrasound (2 MHz to 4 MHz) to induce cell alignment within the hydrogel.
  • Characterization of cell alignment, network formation (branches and junctions), and cell viability.

Main Results:

  • Fibroblast cells were aligned into single or quadruple streams within the hydrogel string.
  • Interconnected cellular networks, including branches and junctions, were successfully formed.
  • Ultrasound-exposed fibroblast cells maintained over 95% viability up to day 10, comparable to unexposed cells.

Conclusions:

  • The acoustofluidic method enables direct, controlled alignment of cells within hydrogels to form 3D networks.
  • This technique offers a promising platform for developing engineered tissues and vascularized networks.
  • Future applications include using human umbilical vein endothelial cells to create vascularized structures.