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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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Severe SARS-CoV-2 patients develop a higher specific T-cell response.

Julie Demaret1,2, Guillaume Lefèvre1,2, Fanny Vuotto3

  • 1Institut d'Immunologie CHU de Lille Lille France.

Clinical & Translational Immunology
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit a robust adaptive immune response, with T cells reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antigens detected in all cases. The IFNγ T-CoV-Spot assay reliably measures these T-cell responses, aiding vaccine development.

Keywords:
ELISpotSARS‐CoV‐2T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Assessing adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is vital for understanding long-term immunity and vaccine efficacy.
  • T-cell responses play a critical role in controlling viral infections and establishing immunological memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-secreting T cells reactive against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens.
  • To evaluate the reliability of the IFNγ T-CoV-Spot assay for assessing T-cell responses in COVID-19 patients.
  • To correlate T-cell responses with disease severity and antibody levels.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized overlapping peptide pools from SARS-CoV-2 M, N, and S viral proteins as antigens.
  • Employed the standardized IFNγ T-CoV-Spot assay to assess T-cell responses in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients.
  • Collected control samples from before the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.

Main Results:

  • All 60 patients (100%) showed T cells reactive to the M protein peptide pool.
  • High reactivity was observed against N (93.3%) and S (91.7%) peptide pools.
  • The IFNγ T-CoV-Spot assay demonstrated high specificity (96.7%) and sensitivity (90.3%) using an MNS antigen mix.
  • T-cell frequencies correlated with disease severity and levels of anti-S1 and anti-RBD antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • The IFNγ T-CoV-Spot assay is a dependable method for exploring specific T cells in large patient cohorts.
  • This assay can be a valuable tool for assessing long-lived memory T-cell responses post-vaccination.
  • Patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 disease mount a significantly higher adaptive immune response.