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Updated: Jun 14, 2026

Super-Resolution Imaging to Study Co-Localization of Proteins and Synaptic Markers in Primary Neurons
Published on: October 31, 2020
Protocol for BATTLE-1EX: A High-Resolution Imaging Method to Visualize Whole Synaptic Structures and their Components
Akitoshi Inoue1, Takuya Kobayashi1, Hirokazu Hirai2,3
1Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan.
Abstract:
This protocol describes BATTLE-1EX, which is a combined method of BATTLE-1 and expansion microscopy to obtain high-resolution imaging of whole synaptic structures and their components of hippocampal neural circuits. BATTLE-1 uses two genetically engineered recombinase proteins and competition between two recombinases that can be independently titrated, resulting in a tunable proportion of mCherry+/YFP- and YFP+/mCherry- cells. As a combinational method, BATTLE-1EX has the potential to visualize and dissect whole synaptic structures in numerous regions in the brain. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kohara et al. (2020).

