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Tissue-autonomous immune response regulates stress signaling during hypertrophy
Robert Krautz1, Dilan Khalili1, Ulrich Theopold1
1Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Elife
|December 30, 2020
Summary
Overactivating Ras signaling in Drosophila salivary glands caused hypertrophy, which was buffered by a tissue-autonomous immune response involving Drosomycin. This highlights potential detrimental effects of immune stimulation in stressed tissues.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Postmitotic tissues lack regenerative capacity and require compensatory mechanisms to maintain integrity.
- The Ras/MAPK pathway is crucial for regulating cell growth and response to stress signals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the adaptive responses of postmitotic tissues to sustained growth signals.
- To elucidate the role of immune responses in buffering cellular stress and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
Main Methods:
- Constitutive activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway via Ras-overexpression in Drosophila larval salivary glands.
- Analysis of tissue integrity, cellular immunity, and cell death pathways.
- Investigation of the JNK pathway and the role of Drosomycin in regulating stress responses.
Main Results:
- Ras-overexpression induced hypertrophy and loss of tissue integrity in salivary glands.
- A tissue-autonomous immune response, mediated by Drosomycin, buffered cellular stress and prevented cell death.
- Drosomycin inhibited a JNK pathway feedback loop, allowing for sustained growth and hypertrophy.
Conclusions:
- A novel mechanism of tissue-autonomous immunity regulates stress responses in postmitotic tissues.
- Continuous immune activation can promote uncontrolled growth, suggesting potential detrimental effects.
- Therapeutic strategies stimulating immune responses require careful consideration of their impact on stressed or damaged tissues.
Keywords:
D. melanogasterDrosomycinJNKcancer biologydorsalhypertrophyimmunologyinflammationinnate immunitysalivary glandMore Related Videos
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