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3D-Printed Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Mobile Micromachines.

Yun-Woo Lee1, Hakan Ceylan1, Immihan Ceren Yasa1

  • 1Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.

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Researchers developed 3D-printed magnetic hydrogel microrobots that change size in response to stimuli. These adaptable micro-machines offer enhanced control for targeted therapies and lab-on-a-chip applications.

Keywords:
3D printing4D printingmicromachinemicrorobotstimuli-responsive materials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Magnetically controlled micromachines are crucial for lab-on-a-chip systems and targeted therapies.
  • Current magnetic micromachines have limitations in physical task execution and functional diversity.
  • Integrating stimuli-responsive materials can expand the capabilities of mobile magnetic micromachines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop 3D-printed, size-controllable hydrogel magnetic microscrews and microrollers.
  • To demonstrate enhanced functionalities by integrating stimuli-responsive materials.
  • To explore applications in targeted interventions and micro-manipulations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three-dimensional (3D) printing to fabricate hydrogel magnetic microscrews and microrollers.
  • Incorporated stimuli-responsive hydrogels sensitive to magnetic fields, temperature, pH, and divalent cations.
  • Investigated size-controllable properties (reversible and one-way swelling/shrinking) and spatial adaptations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated two-way size-controllable microscrews that reversibly swell/shrink with temperature, pH, and cations.
  • Showcased microrollers capable of penetrating narrow channels and occluding capillaries.
  • Developed one-way swelling microscrews that increase length by up to 65% with temperature, requiring enzymatic degradation.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printed hydrogel magnetic microrobots offer enhanced, stimuli-responsive functionalities.
  • These microrobots show potential for precise interventions like embolization and advanced lab-on-a-chip manipulations.
  • The integration of stimuli-responsive materials significantly broadens the application scope of mobile microrobots.