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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Supramolecular Gold Stripping from Activated Carbon Using α-Cyclodextrin.

Wenqi Liu1, Leighton O Jones1, Huang Wu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 30, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alpha-cyclodextrin molecularly recognizes the gold cyanide anion (Au(CN)2−), a key gold mining intermediate. This recognition enables selective gold stripping from activated carbon, offering a greener, cost-effective alternative for gold extraction.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Mining Engineering

Background:

  • The gold mining industry relies on efficient methods for gold extraction.
  • Cyanide-based processes are common but pose environmental concerns.
  • Molecular recognition offers a potential avenue for selective metal ion binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular recognition of the gold cyanide anion (Au(CN)2−) by alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD).
  • To explore the application of this recognition for gold stripping from activated carbon.
  • To assess the selectivity and efficiency of the process for potential industrial use.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray single-crystal structure analysis of supramolecular complexes.
  • 1H NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry for binding studies in solution.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to model interactions.
  • Experimental gold stripping from activated carbon.

Main Results:

  • α-Cyclodextrin effectively binds linear metal-coordination complexes like Au(CN)2− and Ag(CN)2−.
  • A 1:1 binding stoichiometry and a binding constant of ~10^4 M−1 were determined for Au(CN)2−/α-CD in water.
  • The binding is enthalpy-driven, with hydrophobic effects and specific interactions contributing.
  • Selective stripping of Au(CN)2− from activated carbon was achieved at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • α-Cyclodextrin exhibits strong molecular recognition for Au(CN)2−.
  • This supramolecular interaction provides a selective and efficient method for gold stripping.
  • The process holds potential for environmentally friendly and cost-effective gold mining applications.