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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

RNA-seq Analysis of Transcriptomes in Thrombin-treated and Control Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells
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Charting Extracellular Transcriptomes in The Human Biofluid RNA Atlas.

Eva Hulstaert1, Annelien Morlion2, Francisco Avila Cobos2

  • 1Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.

Cell Reports
|December 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study maps RNA in 20 human biofluids, revealing significant concentration differences and tissue-specific profiles. This RNA atlas aids selecting optimal biofluids for disease biomarker discovery.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingbiofluidsbiomarkercell-free RNAcircular RNAextracellular RNAliquid biopsymessenger RNAsmall RNA

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Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) in biofluids are promising disease biomarkers.
  • Research predominantly focuses on blood, overlooking other potentially informative biofluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive atlas of messenger, circular, and small RNA transcriptomes across 20 human biofluids.
  • To compare RNA concentrations and profiles across different biofluids.
  • To identify biofluids suitable for specific disease biomarker monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Profiling of messenger, circular, and small RNA transcriptomes from 20 human biofluids.
  • Utilizing synthetic spike-in controls for accurate RNA quantification and cross-biofluid comparison.
  • Analysis of four independent disease cohorts for biomarker validation.

Main Results:

  • A 10,000-fold variation in RNA concentration was observed across the 20 biofluids.
  • Circular RNA fractions were generally higher in biofluids than in tissues.
  • Each biofluid exhibited unique RNA signatures enriched from specific tissue and cell types.
  • Differential RNAs were identified between disease and control groups in validation cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biofluid RNA atlas facilitates informed selection of biofluids for disease biomarker studies.
  • Extracellular RNA profiles in biofluids hold significant potential for non-invasive disease diagnostics.
  • Publicly available spike-normalized data supports further research and exploration of biofluid biomarkers.