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In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
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Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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MIMO Self-Heterodyne OFDM Using Band Selection Technique.

Amira I Zaki1, Mai Abdelgelil1, Said E El-Khamy1,2

  • 1Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria 1029, Egypt.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two new techniques for 5G MIMO OFDM systems improve data rates and minimize bit error rates (BER). The Frequency Space Time Block Coded (FSTBC) band selection method shows superior BER performance over Space Time Block Coded (STBC).

Keywords:
OFDMband selection frequency space time block coded (BS-FSTBC)band selection space time block coded (BS-STBC)self-heterodynespace time block coded approach (STBC)space time coded block

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Signal Processing
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • 5G technology is crucial for meeting escalating data rate and quality of service demands.
  • Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are key enabling technologies for 5G.
  • Minimizing Bit Error Rate (BER) and enhancing spectral efficiency are critical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate two novel techniques for MIMO self-heterodyne OFDM systems.
  • To enhance data rates and minimize BER in 5G communication systems.
  • To compare the performance of Band Selection with Space Time Block Coding (STBC) and Frequency Space Time Block Coding (FSTBC).

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of two Band Selection (BS) based techniques: BS-STBC and BS-FSTBC.
  • Utilizing BS to select sub-bands with optimal channel gains for data transmission.
  • Employing FSTBC for improved spectral efficiency compared to STBC.

Main Results:

  • Both proposed techniques significantly enhance BER performance compared to conventional methods.
  • The BS-FSTBC technique demonstrates superior BER performance over the BS-STBC technique.
  • The use of BS effectively minimizes BER by selecting favorable sub-bands.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed BS-STBC and BS-FSTBC techniques offer substantial improvements for MIMO self-heterodyne OFDM systems.
  • BS-FSTBC provides better spectral efficiency and lower BER compared to BS-STBC.
  • Band Selection is a valuable approach for optimizing performance in 5G communication systems.