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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

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Reduced-state MLSE for an IM/DD system using PAM modulation.

Yukui Yu, Yi Che, Tianwai Bo

    Optics Express
    |December 31, 2020
    PubMed
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    This study introduces a simplified Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) for high-speed optical communication systems. The reduced-state MLSE significantly cuts complexity for M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-M) formats without performance loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical communication systems
    • Signal processing

    Background:

    • High-speed intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) systems face performance limitations due to optical transceiver bandwidth.
    • Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) is used to overcome bandwidth limitations but suffers from high implementation complexity, especially with multi-level modulation formats.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a reduced-state MLSE for band-limited IM/DD transmission systems.
    • To significantly reduce the implementation complexity of MLSE for M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-M) formats.

    Main Methods:

    • A reduced-state trellis is constructed using coarse pre-decision of a feed-forward equalized signal.
    • The Viterbi algorithm is employed to search the reduced-state trellis.
    • The proposed method is evaluated on 100-140 Gb/s PAM-4/6/8 transmission systems using a 1.3-µm directly modulated laser.

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    Main Results:

    • The reduced-state MLSE achieves performance comparable to conventional MLSE.
    • Implementation complexity is reduced by a factor of 4-10, measured by multiplications and additions.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed reduced-state MLSE offers a practical solution for complex MLSE in high-speed IM/DD systems.
    • This approach effectively balances performance and complexity for advanced optical communication systems.