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Updated: Nov 23, 2025

A Protocol to Evaluate and Quantify Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Pathologies in Mouse Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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Mammalian Retinal Cell Quantification.

Anantharaman Muthuswamy1, Henry Chen1, Ying Hu1

  • 17845Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA.

Toxicologic Pathology
|December 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review discusses quantifying retinal cell loss in animal models to understand human retinal diseases like glaucoma and macular degeneration. It highlights methods for assessing cell numbers and disease progression.

Keywords:
image analysisimmunohistochemistryquantificationretinaretinal ganglion cells

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Retinal cell integrity is crucial for vision; its loss occurs in diseases like glaucoma and macular degeneration.
  • Genetically modified mice and advanced quantification tools aid in understanding retinal disease pathogenesis.
  • Animal models are vital for studying human retinal diseases and developing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review immunohistochemical markers and automated tools for quantifying retinal cells.
  • To discuss the suitability of animal models for studying human retinal diseases.
  • To present an example of retinal ganglion cell quantification using image analysis software.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on retinal cell quantification techniques.
  • Discussion of immunohistochemical markers for identifying retinal cell types.
  • Demonstration of automated cell counting using the HALO image analysis platform.

Main Results:

  • Various methods exist to quantify retinal cells, aiding in disease research.
  • Automated tools provide valuable data for studying disease pathogenesis and progression.
  • The HALO platform offers a practical example for retinal ganglion cell quantification.

Conclusions:

  • Quantifying retinal cell loss is essential for understanding visual impairment in diseases.
  • Advanced imaging and analysis tools improve the study of retinal diseases in animal models.
  • This review provides a framework for utilizing quantification modalities in retinal research.