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Hypertension, Diabetes and Obesity, Major Risk Factors for Death in Patients with COVID-19 in Mexico

Jorge Escobedo-de la Peña1, Ramón Alberto Rascón-Pacheco2, Iván de Jesús Ascencio-Montiel2

  • 1Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Regional 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México, México.

Archives of Medical Research
|December 31, 2020
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 mortality in Mexico is high, especially in males and older adults. Comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes significantly increase fatality risk, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mexico faces high COVID-19 death and case fatality rates.
  • Comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease are linked to COVID-19 mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize COVID-19 clinical features in Mexico's primary social security institution.
  • To assess the impact of chronic comorbidities on COVID-19 mortality and calculate population attributable fractions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 positive patient data from an institutional database.
  • Evaluation of demographic factors, pneumonia, hospitalization status, and comorbidities.
  • Estimation of case fatality rates, odds ratios, and population attributable fractions.

Main Results:

  • Over 323,000 COVID-19 cases identified by November 2020.
  • Higher case fatality rates observed in males (20.2%) and with increasing age.
  • Obesity, hypertension, and diabetes significantly increased COVID-19 fatality risk; these were major independent risk factors along with pneumonia and end-stage kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Key cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities elevate the risk of death in COVID-19 patients.
  • Identifying high-fatality populations informs public health strategies for managing the pandemic in Mexico.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Diabetes mellitus type 2FatalityHypertensionObesityRisk factors

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