Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.3K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.3K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

2.5K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.5K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

936
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
936
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

7.2K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
7.2K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

80.7K
Overview
80.7K
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

1.2K
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Deletion of endothelial KLF4 as a model for preeclampsia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

CD13 activation assembles phosphoinositide (PI) signaling complexes to regulate the actin cytoskeleton.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

The Implant-Induced Foreign Body Response Is Limited by CD13-Dependent Regulation of Ubiquitination of Fusogenic Proteins.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2023
Same author

Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) expression and function in dry eye associated inflammation.

Experimental eye research·2021
Same author

CD13 is a critical regulator of cell-cell fusion in osteoclastogenesis.

Scientific reports·2021
Same author

Reply to editorial comment on urinary biomarkers related to UPJO.

Journal of pediatric urology·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.4K

Coronavirus Receptors as Immune Modulators.

Charan Kumar V Devarakonda1, Emily Meredith1, Mallika Ghosh1

  • 1Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|December 31, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Human coronaviruses (CoV) utilize cell surface metallopeptidases as receptors, influencing immune responses. Understanding these CoV receptors is crucial for addressing severe respiratory infections and hyperinflammation.

More Related Videos

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

3.2K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
05:23

Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 using Immuno RNA-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: December 23, 2020

6.4K
Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

3.2K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Coronaviridae family comprises seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) causing mild to severe respiratory illness.
  • Severe HCoV infections trigger hyperinflammatory responses, exacerbated by host adaptive immunity.
  • HCoV entry into host cells is mediated by specific cell surface receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of coronavirus receptors in modulating immune responses.
  • To explore why coronaviruses evolved to use metallopeptidases as receptors.
  • To understand the contribution of these receptors to pathological hyperinflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on coronavirus-receptor interactions.
  • Analysis of known human coronavirus receptor usage (CD13, CD26, ACE2, sialic acid).
  • Examination of the role of receptor peptidase activity in viral entry and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Five of seven HCoVs use metallopeptidases (CD13, CD26, ACE2) as entry receptors.
  • Other HCoVs utilize O-acetylated-sialic acid, a feature of metallopeptidases, for entry.
  • Receptor peptidase activity is dispensable for viral entry, suggesting other functions are exploited.

Conclusions:

  • Coronaviruses exploit host cell surface metallopeptidases for entry, not solely for their enzymatic function.
  • These receptors play a significant role in immune modulatory pathways contributing to severe disease.
  • Further research into CoV receptors is essential for developing targeted therapies against severe coronavirus infections.