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Updated: Nov 23, 2025
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Published on: February 22, 2022
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Inter- and Intra-Day Comparisons of Smartphone-Derived Heart Rate Variability across Resistance Training Overload and
Tyler D Williams1,2, Michael R Esco2, Michael V Fedewa2
1Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA.
Summary
Smartphone heart rate variability (HRV) measured in the morning effectively tracks training load changes in powerlifters. However, HRV measured before exercise sessions showed no sensitivity to training load variations.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Physiology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Heart rate variability (HRV) is a key indicator of physiological stress and recovery.
- Monitoring training load is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and preventing overtraining.
- Smartphone applications offer a convenient and accessible method for collecting physiological data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate if smartphone-derived HRV can detect training load changes during overload and taper microcycles.
- To assess the reliability of HRV measurements taken in the morning versus immediately before exercise sessions.
Main Methods:
- Twelve powerlifters (10 male, 2 female) underwent a 3-week training program including overload and taper phases.
- Daily resting HRV (natural logarithm of root mean square of successive differences - LnRMSSD) was recorded using a smartphone app.
- Measurements were taken both in the morning (LnRMSSDM) and immediately before testing sessions (LnRMSSDT).
Main Results:
- Morning HRV (LnRMSSDM) significantly decreased after the overload microcycle but returned to baseline levels after tapering.
- HRV measured before testing sessions (LnRMSSDT) did not show significant changes across the training phases.
- While morning and pre-test HRV were correlated at baseline and post-overload, this relationship diminished post-taper, with wide limits of agreement observed.
Conclusions:
- Smartphone-derived HRV, when measured in the morning, is sensitive to changes in training load in strength athletes.
- HRV measurements taken immediately before exercise sessions are not reliable indicators of training load.
- Morning HRV measurements show potential as a practical tool for monitoring training status in athletes.
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