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Related Experiment Videos

Comparison of automatic and voluntary chewing patterns and performance.

O Plesh1, B Bishop, W D McCall

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo 14214.

Experimental Neurology
|February 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Voluntary chewing demonstrates reduced cycle-to-cycle variability and smaller jaw movements compared to automatic chewing. This suggests enhanced control over both the timing and spatial aspects of chewing when performed consciously.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Chewing is typically an automatic motor act, similar to respiration.
  • While both chewing and respiration can be voluntarily controlled, in-depth analyses of voluntary chewing are lacking.
  • Understanding voluntary chewing control is crucial for fields like prosthodontics and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze voluntarily controlled chewing on a cycle-by-cycle basis.
  • To compare voluntary chewing with automatic chewing in terms of spatial and temporal parameters.
  • To assess performance during voluntary chewing using constant and variable error scores.

Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy adults with full dentition participated.
  • Three-dimensional jaw movements and movement times were recorded using Kinesiograph.

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  • Masseter muscle activity (burst durations, onset latencies) was measured via surface electromyography (EMG).
  • Automatic chewing frequency was determined from film viewing, and voluntary chewing was performed to a metronome at this rate.

    • Main Results:

    • Intrasubject variability was lower during voluntary chewing than automatic chewing.
    • Gape, ipsilateral jaw excursions, and variability in masseter burst durations were reduced during voluntary chewing.
    • Faster chewers exhibited smaller constant and variable error scores, indicating a speed-accuracy trade-off.

    Conclusions:

    • Voluntary chewing significantly modifies both temporal and spatial aspects compared to automatic chewing.
    • Reduced cycle-to-cycle variability in voluntary chewing is linked to decreased variability in occlusal phase and masseter activity.
    • Voluntary control leads to less overall jaw excursion due to reduced gapes and ipsilateral deviations during the closing phase.