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Prevalence and risk factors for secondary hypertension among young Korean men

Kihyun Kim1, Jong-Youn Kim2, Eui-Young Choi2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 25440, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 3, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Secondary hypertension affects 2.2% of young men. Screening should focus on those with abnormal thyroid tests, proteinuria, hematuria, severe hypertension, or normal weight for cost-effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Secondary hypertension (HTN) screening is recommended for early-onset HTN, but data in young adults is limited.
  • Young male military personnel represent a unique demographic for studying secondary HTN prevalence and risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and identify independent predictors of secondary HTN in young male military personnel (ages 19-29).
  • To establish cost-effective screening strategies for secondary HTN in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing electronic medical records (EMR) from 2011-2017.
  • Identified hypertensive men and confirmed secondary HTN through EMR review.
  • Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of secondary HTN.

Main Results:

  • Secondary HTN was confirmed in 140 out of 6373 participants (2.2%).
  • Most common causes included polycystic kidney disease (0.74%) and renal parenchymal diseases (0.38%).
  • Independent predictors for secondary HTN were abnormal thyroid function tests (OR: 9.50), proteinuria (OR: 6.13), hematuria (OR: 4.37), severe HTN (OR: 3.07), and non-overweight status (OR: 3.03).

Conclusions:

  • Selective screening for secondary HTN in young hypertensive men is recommended.
  • Consider screening individuals with abnormal thyroid function tests, proteinuria, hematuria, severe hypertension, or normal weight for improved cost-effectiveness.
  • No significant differences were observed in family history of HTN, headache, total cholesterol, or diabetes between primary and secondary HTN groups.

Keywords:
Epidemiologyhypertensionmilitary personnelprevalenceyoung adult

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