Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 23, 2025
Learning Modern Laryngeal Surgery in a Dissection Laboratory
Published on: March 18, 2020
Evaluation of a Novel Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Curriculum With the Use of Animal Models and Live Operating
Heather Davis1, Ankur Shah1, Sandeep Nayar2
1General Surgery, William Harvey Hospital, East Kent Hospital University Foundation Trust, Kent, England.
Background:
Despite wide recognition of the benefits of simulation training, there is no established model for the teaching of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The authors developed a replicable, intensive 2-day proficiency-based curriculum, to include simulation and live operating, designed to be practical to both attend and organize. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate this curriculum for improved procedural confidence, measured by participant self-evaluation. Secondary outcomes were objective improvement in technical skills in accordance with the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scale and trainee self-assessment scores.
Methods:
The course consisted of lectures, operating on a sheep hepatobiliary model through a laparoscopic box trainer, and live operating on female patient volunteers. It was attended by eight junior registrars. Precourse data collated included demographic information, experience, and procedural confidence scores using a visual analog scale. Performance on an animal model and live patient was assessed by experts using the OSATS score. Procedural confidence was re-evaluated after each task, as well as self-assessment of speed, accuracy, and overall performance.
Results:
Procedural confidence scores improved by a mean of 12% (P < 0.001). All trainees demonstrated sustained objective improvement in technical skills (P < 0.001). The overall mean OSATS score increased by 18%. Significant improvement was observed after performing the procedure on an animal model (P < 0.001); however, no further significant improvement was observed with live operating. No significant difference was found on trainee self-assessment scores, in any category.
Conclusions:
The study describes a successful curriculum model for the teaching of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, to include procedural and technical skill acquisition, in addition to the refinement and development of procedural confidence. Importantly, this was carried out in a safe environment with direct transferability to the operating theater.
