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Studying leukemia stem cell properties and vulnerabilities with human iPSCs.
Nikolaos Spyrou1, Eirini P Papapetrou1
1Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients create faithful cancer models. This iPSC modeling reveals non-genetic cancer heterogeneity and leukemia stem cell (LSC) plasticity, offering new therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Cancer biology
- Stem cell research
- Hematology
Background:
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer genetically faithful models of human cancers by capturing entire cancer genomes.
- iPSC modeling under clonal conditions can distinguish non-genetic sources of cancer heterogeneity from genetic factors.
- Recent studies have utilized iPSC-based models to investigate acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore lessons learned about the leukemia stem cell (LSC) state, plasticity, stability, and determinants using iPSC modeling.
- To discuss the practical and translational implications of using AML-iPSCs for isolating leukemia-specific stem cells (iLSCs).
- To identify new therapeutic targets for AML by studying iLSCs.
Main Methods:
- Reprogramming cancer cells from AML patients into iPSCs.
- Hematopoietic differentiation of genetically clonal AML-iPSCs.
- Analysis of phenotypic and functional heterogeneity in differentiated cells to model LSC hierarchy.
Main Results:
- Genetically clonal iPSCs derived from AML patients reproduce phenotypic and functional heterogeneity upon differentiation.
- This heterogeneity mirrors the hallmarks of a leukemia stem cell (LSC) hierarchy.
- iPSC modeling allows for the separation and study of non-genetic sources of cancer heterogeneity.
Conclusions:
- iPSC modeling provides valuable insights into LSC state, plasticity, stability, and genetic/epigenetic determinants.
- AML-iPSCs can be prospectively isolated in large numbers for extensive experiments, including screens.
- Exploiting AML-iPSCs facilitates the discovery of novel therapeutic targets specific to AML LSCs.
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