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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.9K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.9K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

44.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
44.0K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

885
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
885
Complexation Equilibria: Overview01:23

Complexation Equilibria: Overview

1.1K
Complexation reactions take place when dative or coordinate covalent bonds form between metal ions and ligands. The compounds formed in these reactions are called coordination compounds. The number of bonds formed between the metal ion and the ligands is called its coordination number. Generally, most metal ions in an aqueous solution are solvated by water molecules and thus exist as aqua complexes.
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Ion Exchange Chromatography IEX Coupled to Multi-angle Light Scattering MALS for Protein Separation and Characterization
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Bulk Phase Behavior vs Interface Adsorption: Specific Multivalent Cation and Anion Effects on BSA Interactions.

Madeleine R Fries1, Nina F Conzelmann1, Luzie Günter1

  • 1Institute for Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|January 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Salts and surface properties influence bovine serum albumin (BSA) behavior. Specific anions and charged surfaces can trigger protein phase transitions and control adsorption, guiding protein interactions for targeted applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Proteins, like bovine serum albumin (BSA), are crucial in biological systems and biomaterials.
  • Understanding protein interactions with surfaces and ions is key for applications like implants and biosensors.
  • Serum albumin's role in the foreign body response highlights the need to study its behavior at interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of various salts (cations Y3+, La3+; anions Cl-, I-) on BSA bulk behavior.
  • Analyze the role of charges in protein adsorption at the solid-liquid interface.
  • Elucidate molecular mechanisms governing protein-protein and protein-surface interactions in ionic solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Established new phase diagrams for BSA in the presence of different salts.
  • Utilized ellipsometry to study protein adsorption layer growth.
  • Employed quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) for in-situ adsorption analysis.
  • Investigated protein adsorption on a hydrophilic, negatively charged silica surface.

Main Results:

  • Multivalent cations triggered phase transitions in BSA solutions.
  • Anion type influenced protein behavior, with attractive interactions increasing from Cl- < NO3- < I-.
  • Iodide ions prevented re-entrant condensation and promoted liquid-liquid phase separation in bulk.
  • Re-entrant adsorption occurred on a negatively charged surface even without bulk re-entrant condensation.
  • Iodide salts enhanced overall protein adsorption due to stronger attractive protein-protein interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Surface properties and salt composition can precisely control protein adsorption and phase behavior.
  • Anion binding to interfaces can be modulated by surface charge, influencing protein adsorption.
  • Findings provide a basis for engineering specific protein-protein, protein-salt, and protein-surface interactions.