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Gut-brain-bone marrow axis in hypertension.

Jing Li1, Mohan K Raizada, Elaine M Richards

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The gut-brain-bone marrow axis plays a key role in hypertension (HTN). Dysfunctional interactions between these organs, involving gut microbiota and neuroinflammation, contribute to the development and persistence of HTN.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Emerging evidence highlights the gut-brain-bone marrow (BM) axis in hypertension (HTN).
  • This axis involves gut microbiota (GM), gut permeability, pro-inflammatory BM cells, and neuroinflammation.
  • The exact sequence and causality of these interactions in HTN are under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current hypotheses on the gut-brain-BM axis in HTN.
  • To review evidence supporting or refuting the role of this axis in HTN.
  • To discuss future research directions for HTN management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on the gut-brain-BM axis and hypertension.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving autonomic neural pathways, gut microbiota, and bone marrow cell production.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding neuroinflammation and its link to HTN.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive stimuli activate sympathetic pathways, increasing blood pressure.
  • Sympathetic drive to the gut and BM alters GM, increases gut permeability, and promotes pro-inflammatory cells.
  • These changes contribute to neuroinflammation and the perpetuation of HTN.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunctional interactions within the brain, gut, and BM axis are critical in persistent neuroinflammation.
  • These interactions are key in the development and establishment of hypertension.
  • Understanding this axis may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for HTN.