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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Bidirectional Electrical and Optoelectronic Interfaces in Healthy and Ischemic Ex Vivo Rat Hearts
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Transformable Electrocardiograph Using Robust Liquid-Solid Heteroconnector.

Maika Takaya1, Ryosuke Matsuda1, Go Inamori1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.

ACS Sensors
|January 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new stretchable electrocardiograph uses liquid metal electrodes for highly stable heart monitoring during significant stretching. This advanced wearable technology ensures reliable electrocardiogram (ECG) readings for diverse diagnostic needs.

Keywords:
electric connectorliquid metalstretchable electrodesstretchable electronicswearable ECG

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Electronics

Background:

  • Traditional electrocardiograph (ECG) devices often lack flexibility, limiting their application in dynamic physiological monitoring.
  • Developing stretchable electrodes with stable electrical properties under mechanical strain is crucial for advanced wearable health diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly transformable electrocardiograph with stretchable electrodes capable of significant deformation.
  • To ensure high resistance stability of the electrodes under substantial and repeated stretching.
  • To demonstrate the device's capability in performing electrocardiograms using different lead methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized liquid metal electrodes and a novel heteroconnector comprising liquid metal paste and carbon-based conductive rubber.
  • Engineered electrodes to withstand large deformations while maintaining electrical integrity.
  • Tested electrode stability through 100 stretching cycles and up to 200% strain.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 200% strain capability with only a 6% change in resistance.
  • Demonstrated high resistance stability even after 100 stretching cycles.
  • Successfully recorded electrocardiograms (ECGs) from both adults and children using the same device and various lead methods.

Conclusions:

  • The developed large-deformable electrodes with exceptional electrical stability represent a significant technological advancement.
  • The robust heteroconnector design enhances the reliability of stretchable electronic systems.
  • This technology offers considerable potential for improving wearable electrocardiography and other stretchable electronic applications.