Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.1K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.1K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

832
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
832
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

957
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
957
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

606
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
606

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toxicologic Pathology Forum: Opinion on Digital Primary Read and Peer Review-Are We There Yet?

Toxicologic pathology·2025
Same author

International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of Nonrodent Ocular Tissues.

Toxicologic pathology·2024
Same author

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Review of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance on Pathology Peer Review in Nonclinical Toxicology Studies.

Toxicologic pathology·2024
Same author

Post-Pandemic Pathology Practice.

Toxicologic pathology·2023
Same author

International consortium for innovation and quality: An industry perspective on the nonclinical and early clinical development of intravitreal drugs.

Clinical and translational science·2023
Same author

Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Fixation, Trimming, and Sectioning of Nonrodent Eyes and Ocular Tissues for Examination in Ocular and General Toxicity Studies.

Toxicologic pathology·2021
Same journal

Comparison of Standard Clinical Pathology Parameter Values in Fasted and Fed Rats and Non-human Primates.

Toxicologic pathology·2026
Same journal

Time-Dependent Autolysis in Ex Vivo-Maintained Rat Tissue in Saline: A Descriptive Study and Practical Guidance for Histopathologic Assessment.

Toxicologic pathology·2026
Same journal

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for Carcinogenicity Evaluation.

Toxicologic pathology·2026
Same journal

2025 International Academy of Toxicologic Pathology (IATP) Satellite Symposium: Pathology Working Groups (PWGs) in Toxicologic Pathology.

Toxicologic pathology·2026
Same journal

Toxicologic Pathology Forum*: Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Nonclinical Toxicologic Histopathology Evaluations.

Toxicologic pathology·2026
Same journal

New Modalities and Carcinogenicity Assessment.

Toxicologic pathology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
06:30

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

583

Introduction to Special Issue on Ocular Pathology and Drug Development.

Meg F Ramos1, Kenneth A Schafer2, Steven D Sorden3

  • 1419726Abbvie, Inc, North Chicago, IL, USA.

Toxicologic Pathology
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual system dysfunction causes significant disability. This special issue explores ocular drug development, covering anatomy, toxicity assessment, and novel delivery systems to overcome clinical challenges.

Keywords:
eyehistopathologyocular drug developmentpharmaceutical development/productsspecial sensestoxicitytoxicologic pathology

More Related Videos

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
05:37

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model

Published on: October 1, 2007

37.3K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology
06:19

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Published on: May 31, 2024

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats
06:30

Ocular Therapeutic Delivery and Advanced Tissue Retrieval in Adult Rats

Published on: May 23, 2025

583
Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model
05:37

Intravitreous Injection for Establishing Ocular Diseases Model

Published on: October 1, 2007

37.3K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology
06:19

Author Spotlight: A Novel Protocol for Intracameral Injections to Enhance Precision in Rodent Ophthalmology

Published on: May 31, 2024

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Visual system dysfunction is a major global health concern.
  • Preclinical research is crucial for developing treatments for visual impairment.
  • Ocular drug development faces unique challenges despite advances in targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the visual system.
  • To highlight methods for assessing ocular toxicity.
  • To discuss current challenges and novel approaches in ocular drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and research findings.
  • Exploration of anatomical and immunobiological aspects of the visual system.
  • Analysis of various methods for ocular toxicity assessment.

Main Results:

  • Augmented understanding of visual system anatomy, development, and immunobiology.
  • Detailed examination of animal models for ocular research.
  • Identification of common findings and artifacts in ocular histology.
  • Overview of novel ocular drug delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing challenges in ocular drug development requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Understanding ocular anatomy and toxicity is key to successful therapeutic strategies.
  • Novel drug delivery systems offer promising avenues for treating visual impairment.