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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Behavioral ecology

Background:

  • Gene flow can hinder parallel adaptation by introducing existing adaptive alleles.
  • The Hawaiian cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) provides a model system to study adaptation.
  • The 'flatwing' mutation in male crickets evolved under selection from a parasitoid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of parallel adaptation in Hawaiian crickets despite ongoing gene flow.
  • To identify the genetic basis of the 'flatwing' phenotype across different island populations.
  • To understand how selection shapes parallel evolution in the face of gene flow.

Main Methods:

  • Genome scans to identify regions of adaptation.
  • Gene expression analysis to understand molecular mechanisms.
  • Morphometric and genetic comparisons across island populations.

Main Results:

  • Distinct 'flatwing' phenotypes evolved independently on three islands, localized to different genetic loci.
  • Strong and ongoing gene flow was detected among these populations.
  • Parallel evolution was associated with shared genomic hotspots containing the 'doublesex' gene, but selection varied by island.

Conclusions:

  • Parallel adaptation can occur rapidly (on contemporary timescales) even with substantial gene flow.
  • The 'doublesex' gene plays a key role in the evolution of the 'flatwing' phenotype.
  • Evolutionary constraints imposed by gene flow may be less significant than previously assumed.