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Temperature modulates stress response in mainstream anammox reactors.

Robert Niederdorfer1, Damian Hausherr2, Alejandro Palomo3

  • 1Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management, 6047, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. robert.niederdorfer@eawag.ch.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are key to energy-efficient wastewater treatment. Dissolved oxygen (DO) shocks reversibly inhibited anammox activity, with responses varying by temperature and DO levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Wastewater treatment technologies
  • Biogeochemical cycles

Background:

  • Autotrophic nitrogen removal via anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria offers energy efficiency in wastewater treatment.
  • Widespread application is hindered by anammox bacteria's sensitivity to dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen (DO) shocks on microbial biofilms with anammox activity at 20°C and 14°C.
  • To elucidate the stress response mechanisms of anammox bacteria and associated microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Microbial biofilms with verified anammox activity were subjected to controlled dissolved oxygen (DO) disturbances.
  • Ammonium removal rates were monitored under different temperature regimes (20°C and 14°C).
  • Genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were employed to analyze microbial community and gene expression.

Main Results:

  • A DO concentration of 1.0 mg L-1 caused complete, yet reversible, inhibition of ammonium removal across all tested conditions.
  • Community-wide gene expression patterns varied significantly with temperature, indicating distinct microbial responses.
  • Dissolved oxygen disturbances impacted genes related to transcription, translation, and replication primarily at 20°C, not 14°C.
  • Different anammox species and other key taxa exhibited unique transcriptional responses to temperature and DO stress.

Conclusions:

  • Anammox bacteria activity is highly sensitive to dissolved oxygen (DO) fluctuations, with complete inhibition observed at 1.0 mg L-1 DO.
  • Temperature significantly influences the microbial community's response to DO stress, affecting gene expression patterns.
  • Understanding these differential responses is crucial for optimizing anammox-based wastewater treatment processes under variable conditions.