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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

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Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
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Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells

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Interactive SARS-CoV-2 mutation timemaps.

René L Warren1, Inanç Birol1

  • 1Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada.

Arxiv
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus rapidly mutates and evolves globally. Interactive maps visualize daily nucleotide variations in COVID-19 strains across continents, illustrating viral evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has seen rapid global spread throughout 2020.
  • Understanding the scale and patterns of SARS-CoV-2 mutation and evolution is crucial for tracking the pandemic.
  • New viral strains have been reported, necessitating methods to visualize their emergence and spread.

Approach:

  • Developed interactive, scalable vector graphics (SVG) maps to visualize genomic data.
  • Mapped daily nucleotide variations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes from six populated continents.
  • Compared current viral genomes to the initial SARS-CoV-2 isolate sequenced at the start of 2020.

Key Points:

  • The study provides a visual representation of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in sequence space, geographical location, and time.
  • Interactive maps allow users to explore the daily mutation landscape of the virus.
  • Highlights the dynamic nature of viral evolution during a global pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • The developed mutation time maps offer a novel tool for comprehending the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Visualizing genomic variations aids in understanding the geographical spread and temporal dynamics of viral strains.
  • These resources can support ongoing research and public health efforts related to COVID-19 evolution.