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Process Makes Perfect: Perceptions of Effectiveness in Collaborative Environmental Governance.

Amanda Y Lindgren1, Maureen G Reed2, James P Robson2

  • 1School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Kirk Hall, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada. amanda.lindgren@usask.ca.

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Summary

Collaborative environmental governance (CEG) effectiveness relies on both process and outcome criteria. This study found sponsors, practitioners, and participants agree on key process elements, but outcome evaluation remains crucial for accountability.

Keywords:
CanadaCollaborative governanceEnvironmental governanceEvaluation processesForest sectorForest-based communities

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental governance
  • Forestry
  • Social-ecological systems

Background:

  • Evaluating collaborative environmental governance (CEG) effectiveness is challenging, with existing research focusing more on process than outcome variables.
  • Demonstrating causal links between CEG processes and ecological outcomes presents significant difficulties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how process and outcome criteria are utilized by sponsors, industry practitioners, and participants in Canadian forest sector CEG arrangements.
  • To identify key process criteria essential for effective CEG from multiple stakeholder perspectives.
  • To explore potential differences in emphasis on process versus outcome criteria among stakeholder groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a nationwide survey of forest advisory committee participants.
  • Interviews with sponsoring agencies.
  • Two in-depth case studies of CEG arrangements in Canada's forest sector.

Main Results:

  • Sponsors, industry practitioners, and participants consistently perceived a strong link between process and effectiveness in CEG.
  • Ten key process criteria essential for CEG were identified, incorporating insights from all stakeholder groups.
  • Contrary to expectations, sponsors and industry practitioners did not place a greater emphasis on outcome criteria than participants.

Conclusions:

  • CEG effectiveness is understood through a combination of process and outcome considerations by all stakeholders.
  • Including diverse perspectives, such as those of sponsoring agencies, offers a nuanced understanding of CEG effectiveness.
  • Systematic, outcome-based evaluation approaches are still needed to enhance accountability in CEG decision-making.