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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Self-Serving Bias01:29

Self-Serving Bias

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Self-serving bias is a cognitive phenomenon in which individuals attribute positive outcomes to internal factors such as their abilities, intelligence, or effort while attributing negative outcomes to external circumstances. This cognitive distortion helps maintain self-esteem but can also impede objective self-assessment.Theoretical Explanations of Self-Serving BiasTwo primary theories explain the self-serving bias: the cognitive explanation and the motivational explanation.The cognitive...
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Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

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Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
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"Choice-supportive bias" in science: Explanation and mitigation.

Mahdi Kafaee1, Hanie Marhamati2, Shahriar Gharibzadeh2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Robotics, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.

Accountability in Research
|January 5, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Scientific research involves choices prone to choice-supportive bias. Mitigating this cognitive bias requires self-criticism, documenting research flaws, and strengthening control processes to improve scientific integrity.

Keywords:
Research integritycognitive biasmisconductmistakenegligencepost-purchase rationalization

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Research Integrity

Background:

  • Scientific research is susceptible to errors originating from various sources.
  • Cognitive biases, particularly those affecting thinking and information processing, are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to these errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To bridge the understanding between scientific research mistakes and cognitive biases.
  • To identify choice-supportive bias as a specific cognitive limitation in scientific inquiry.
  • To propose methods for mitigating the impact of cognitive biases on scientific research.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis linking scientific decision-making stages to cognitive biases.
  • Identification and explanation of choice-supportive bias within the scientific process.
  • Discussion of potential interventions to counteract cognitive limitations.

Main Results:

  • Scientific research necessitates numerous choices at critical junctures (e.g., subject selection, data analysis, theory formulation).
  • Choice-supportive bias can influence these decisions, potentially compromising objectivity.
  • The study highlights the pervasive nature of cognitive limitations in scientific endeavors.

Conclusions:

  • Choice-supportive bias is a significant cognitive limitation impacting scientific research.
  • Implementing enhanced self-criticism, pre-publication documentation of shortcomings, and robust control processes can mitigate this bias.
  • Strengthening these measures is crucial for enhancing the reliability and integrity of scientific findings.