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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

876
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

628
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

8.1K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.1K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

3.5K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

52.2K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 23, 2025

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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[Cancer immunotherapy: an update].

Sebastián J Reyes1, Konstanza B González1, Constanza Rodríguez1

  • 1Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.

Revista Medica De Chile
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Summary

Immunotherapy enhances the immune system to fight cancer by leveraging acquired immunity and T cells. This approach offers a promising alternative to conventional treatments, potentially creating long-term cancer immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading global cause of death, with conventional therapies like chemotherapy facing limitations due to toxicity and resistance.
  • Targeted therapies also encounter challenges with induced resistance in various malignancies.
  • The need for more effective and specific cancer treatments is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore immunotherapy as a superior approach for cancer treatment by enhancing the immune system's ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells.
  • To highlight the role of acquired immunity and antigen-specific T cells in novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
  • To discuss the advantages of immunotherapy, including the generation of long-term immunological memory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving innate and acquired immunity in cancer recognition.
  • Examination of T cell-mediated immune responses against cancer antigens.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy utilizes the immune system to distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells.
  • Antigen-specific T cells are a key component of effective immunotherapy.
  • Various immunotherapy types, including cytokines, vaccines, viruses, monoclonal antibodies, and adoptive cell transfer, show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement over traditional cancer treatments.
  • Harnessing acquired immunity and T cell responses offers a powerful strategy for cancer elimination.
  • The development of diverse immunotherapeutic approaches holds potential for improved patient outcomes and long-term cancer immunity.