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Related Concept Videos

Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

2.4K
Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
2.4K
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

371
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
371
Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

370
When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
370
True Stress and True Strain01:28

True Stress and True Strain

588
Engineering stress is calculated as the load divided by the original, undeformed cross-sectional area. It approximates a material under load. This approximation is especially relevant post-yield in ductile materials. Though engineering stress-strain diagrams are often used for their convenience and accessibility, they can sometimes fall short in accuracy, particularly when dealing with large strain values.
In contrast, true stress offers a more precise portrayal. It is computed by dividing the...
588
Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

6.9K
The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
6.9K
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

402
Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
402

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Rotation, Strain, and Translation Sensors Performance Tests with Active Seismic Sources.

Felix Bernauer1, Kathrin Behnen1, Joachim Wassermann1

  • 1Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80333 München, Germany.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 6, 2021
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A comparative experiment tested over 24 rotation and strain sensors for geophysical research. Most sensors showed high performance between 10-20 Hz, highlighting the need for reliable reference instruments in seismology.

Keywords:
instrumentationrotation sensorsseismologystrain sensors

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Instrument Science

Background:

  • Growing interest in measuring displacement gradients like rotation and strain in geophysics.
  • Urgent demand for reliable, field-deployable instruments for these measurements.
  • Need to establish high-quality standards for rotation and strain measurements in seismology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Organize a comparative sensor test experiment.
  • Establish a high-quality standard for rotation and strain measurements.
  • Evaluate performance of various geophysical sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sensor test experiment at a Geophysical Observatory.
  • Involved over 24 diverse sensors (rotational seismometers, strong-motion sensors, ring laser gyroscopes, DAS).
  • Two-part experiment: co-located huddle test and field array deployment with explosion and Vibroseis sources.

Main Results:

  • Detailed experimental setup and first performance comparison.
  • Focus on sensor self-noise, signal-to-noise ratios, and waveform similarities for rotation rate sensors.
  • Most sensors exhibited high coherency and waveform similarity between 10-20 Hz for explosion signals.

Conclusions:

  • Critical assessment of sensor and experiment design.
  • Revealed a significant need for reliable reference sensors in geophysical measurements.
  • Identified a narrow frequency range (10-20 Hz) of high sensor performance.