Unique One-Step Strategy for Nonmetallic and Metallic Heteroatom Doped Carbonaceous Materials

Nonmetallic and metallic heteroatom doped carbonaceous materials have garnered tremendous research attention due to a potential replacement to the precious Pt-group and (Ru, Ir)-oxide based catalysts and are essential part of the next-generation electrode catalysts for fuel cells, electrolyzers, and metal-air batteries. In this regard, we focus on three important categories of carbonaceous material, namely, metal-free heteroatom doped, transition metal heteroatom codoped, and carbon nitride (C₃N₄) based hybrid materials. Implications of various strategies, using one-step pyrolysis technique have been discussed for the effective design of heteroatom modified carbonaceous electrocatalysts. In this minireview, we outline the richness of one-step strategy for designing electrochemically active heteroatom doped carbon, transition metal-heteroatom codoped carbon, and C₃N₄ derived hybrid materials in the perspective of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. We also outline the future research direction in the development of highly efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts for oxygen electrochemistry. Finally, we wind up the article with the challenges and outlook on heteroatoms and transition metal-heteroatom codoped carbon material as an efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts, thereby promoting the development of this important area.