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Updated: Nov 22, 2025
Author Spotlight: Novel Assay for Studying B-Cell Responses in Multiple Sclerosis Research
Published on: December 1, 2023
Targeting B Cells to Modify MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD: Part 1
Jonas Graf1, Jan Mares1, Michael Barnett1
1From the Department of Neurology (J.G., O.A., P.A., H.-P.H.), University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.M.), Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology (M.B., H.-P.H.), Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and UCSF Weill Institute of Neurosciences (S.S.Z.), Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco.
B cell-targeting immunotherapies like ocrelizumab show efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). This review details their role in disease pathophysiology and clinical development, focusing on CD20 depletion strategies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neurology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- B lymphocytes play a key role in immune-mediated diseases like MS and NMOSD.
- Several immunotherapies targeting B cell proteins are in clinical development or approved.
- Ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and inebilizumab are currently licensed for MS and NMOSD treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of B lymphocytes in the pathophysiology of MS and NMOSD.
- To examine the clinical development of B cell-targeting therapies, particularly CD20 depletion.
- To highlight the efficacy and safety of long-term B-cell depletion.
Main Methods:
- Review of current knowledge on B cell function in immune-mediated diseases.
- Analysis of clinical development data for B cell-targeting immunotherapies.
- Focus on CD20 depletion strategies, including rituximab, ocrelizumab, and others.
Main Results:
- Ocrelizumab, rituximab, ofatumumab, ublituximab, inebilizumab, and evobrutinib target B cell proteins.
- These therapies demonstrate efficacy in relapsing and progressive MS and NMOSD.
- Licensed therapies include ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and inebilizumab for MS and NMOSD.
Conclusions:
- B cell-targeting therapies, especially CD20 depletion, represent a significant advancement in MS and NMOSD treatment.
- Understanding B cell pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective immunotherapies.
- Long-term efficacy and safety data from postmarketing studies are essential for B-cell depletion therapies.
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