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Non-reciprocal acoustics in a viscous environment.

Hyeonu Heo1, Ezekiel Walker2, Yurii Zubov1

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Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
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Acoustic transmission becomes non-reciprocal in phononic crystals with viscous fluids, breaking time-reversal symmetry. This study demonstrates how viscosity enables passive acoustic diodes, challenging previous assumptions about dissipation.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Acoustic transmission in phononic crystals is typically reciprocal in ideal fluids.
  • Broken parity (P) symmetry in inviscid fluids leads to asymmetric, but still reciprocal, transmission.
  • Time-reversal (T) symmetry is usually maintained in systems with linear dissipation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate acoustic non-reciprocity in phononic crystals with viscous fluids.
  • To demonstrate that viscous losses can break T symmetry and induce non-reciprocity.
  • To explore the potential for creating passive acoustic diodes using fluid viscosity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of non-reciprocal transmission spectra in phononic crystals (metallic cylinders in water).
  • Surface modification of scatterers to break P symmetry and enhance viscous losses.
  • Numerical simulation to separate non-reciprocal and asymmetric reciprocal transmission components.

Main Results:

  • Viscous fluids in phononic crystals with broken P symmetry lead to non-reciprocal acoustic transmission.
  • Experimental and numerical results show agreement between the level of non-reciprocity and broken P symmetry.
  • Viscous losses were shown to break T symmetry, contributing to non-reciprocity.

Conclusions:

  • Linear dissipation, specifically viscosity, can be a source of acoustic non-reciprocity.
  • This finding contradicts the conventional understanding that dissipation prevents non-reciprocity.
  • The study paves the way for designing passive acoustic diodes by leveraging fluid viscosity.