Polarization state tracing method to map local birefringent properties in samples using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography

We propose a method that utilizes the trajectory of output polarization states on the Poincaré sphere to derive depth-resolved birefringent information within samples using a fiber-based polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. The apparent (or intermediate) optic axis and the local phase retardation are first obtained by fitting a plane to the adjacent output polarization states along depths in the Poincare sphere. A sequence of 3D rotation operation determined by the local birefringent property of the upper layers is then applied to the apparent axis to finally determine the local optic axis. This method requires only one input polarization state and is compatible with both free-space and fiber-based PSOCT systems, simplifying the imaging system setup. The theoretical framework is presented to derive the local phase retardation and optic axis from the output polarization states and then demonstrated by mapping local birefringent information of the mouse thigh tissue in vitro.