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Bone and Cartilage Interfaces With Orthopedic Implants: A Literature Review
Remigiusz M Grzeskowiak1, Jim Schumacher1, Madhu S Dhar1
1Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, United States.
Frontiers in Surgery
|January 7, 2021
Summary
Surgical implant integration depends on mechanical and biological factors. Enhancing implant design and using bioactive coatings can improve tissue healing and long-term stability for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Tissue Engineering
- Orthopedic Surgery
Background:
- The implant-tissue interface is a dynamic environment influenced by mechanical and biological interactions.
- Successful surgical implant integration relies on both primary (mechanical) and secondary (biological) stability.
- Healing at the implant site, initiated by bleeding and provisional matrix formation, is crucial for tissue repair and integration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on implant-tissue interfaces in bone and cartilage.
- To discuss novel approaches for strengthening implant-tissue integration.
- To provide insight into biomechanical testing methods for implant stability.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on implant-tissue interfaces.
- Analysis of techniques for improving primary and secondary implant stability.
- Examination of biomechanical testing methodologies.
Main Results:
- Implant designs mimicking native structures show better integration.
- Bioactive compound coatings can stimulate integration and improve outcomes.
- Challenges in vascularized tissue integration, like cartilage, require specific strategies.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing implant design and surface modifications are key to enhancing implant-tissue integration.
- Further research into bioactive coatings and biomechanical testing is needed.
- Improved integration leads to better short- and long-term surgical success.
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