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Polycations and polyanions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

I Ginsburg1, E Fibach2

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|January 7, 2021
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Summary

Polycations like histones from neutrophils worsen COVID-19 by aiding viral entry and increasing cell damage. Negatively charged polyanions may offer relief.

Keywords:
COVID-19HeparinNeutrophilsPolyanionsPolycationsSARS-CoV-2Therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neutrophils release polycations, including nuclear histones, during COVID-19.
  • These positively charged molecules may interact with negatively charged biological structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that neutrophil-derived polycations aggravate COVID-19.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which polycations contribute to disease severity.
  • To explore potential therapeutic interventions using polyanions.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a hypothesis based on known biological interactions.
  • Mechanisms involve electrostatic interactions, viral binding, and synergistic cytotoxicity.
  • Potential therapeutic strategies are suggested based on charge neutralization.

Main Results:

  • Polycations may neutralize electrostatic repulsion, enhancing virus-cell entry.
  • Polycations can bind to virions, promoting opsonin-mediated endocytosis.
  • Polycations contribute to cytotoxicity alongside other inflammatory mediators.

Conclusions:

  • Neutrophil-derived polycations are hypothesized to be key contributors to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Targeting these polycationic effects with polyanions like heparin could be a therapeutic avenue.