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Updated: Nov 22, 2025

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[Rt or RDt, that is the question!]

Maria Teresa Giraudo1, Manuele Falcone2, Ennio Cadum3

  • 1Dipartimento di matematica; mariateresa.giraudo@unito.it.

Epidemiologia E Prevenzione
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Rt and RDt indices both effectively monitor COVID-19 trends, despite using different data points (symptom onset vs. diagnosis date). Both indices offer valuable insights for public health decision-makers.

Keywords:
COVID-19monitoring indexesepidemic developmentsymptoms onset dateswab outcome date

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health Surveillance
  • Infectious Disease Modeling

Background:

  • Two key indices, Rt and RDt, are widely used for monitoring COVID-19 epidemic trends.
  • The Rt index, from the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), is based on the basic reproduction number (R0) and contagiousness.
  • The RDt index, adopted by regional institutions, utilizes time series analysis of diagnosis dates for trend monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness and usability of the Rt and RDt indices for COVID-19 epidemic monitoring.
  • To analyze the correlation and differences between the Rt and RDt indices based on available data.
  • To inform public health decision-makers on the appropriate use of each index.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of Rt and RDt indices using individual data from four regions in March-April 2020.
  • Analysis of data completeness issues, particularly for Rt which relies on symptom onset dates.
  • Statistical correlation analysis between Rt and RDt, examining different time lags.

Main Results:

  • The RDt index is more usable due to simpler calculation and data availability compared to Rt.
  • Rt index usage is hampered by incomplete symptom onset data, especially in asymptomatic cases.
  • A high correlation (R > 0.97 at lag 7) was found between Rt and RDt trends, indicating similar general patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Both Rt and RDt indices are valid for monitoring COVID-19, offering similar information despite formal distinctions.
  • The primary difference lies in the data used: symptom onset for Rt versus diagnosis date for RDt.
  • Public health professionals should understand the distinct potentials of each index to select the most appropriate tool for their specific needs.