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Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Sleep quality and athletic performance according to chronotype.

Seung-Taek Lim1,2,3, Do-Yoon Kim4, Hyeong-Tae Kwon4

  • 1Institute of Sport Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.

BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation
|January 8, 2021
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Summary

Elite athletes with poor sleep quality and late chronotypes exhibit reduced athletic performance. Early-type chronotypes demonstrate superior sleep quality and better performance compared to late-type athletes.

Keywords:
AthletesChronotypeElitePerformanceSleep

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Chronotype and habitual sleep patterns are crucial for athletic performance.
  • Investigating sleep quality and performance based on chronotype in elite athletes is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between chronotype, sleep quality, and athletic performance in elite athletes.
  • To identify differences in sleep quality and performance among athletes with varying chronotypes.

Main Methods:

  • 340 elite athletes (261 males, 79 females) were assessed.
  • Chronotype was determined using the Korean Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ-K).
  • Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and anaerobic performance was measured via the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT).

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in PSQI scores (global, quality, latency, disturbance, daytime dysfunction) were observed across chronotype groups.
  • Significant differences in WAnT metrics (mean power, peak power, both absolute and relative) were found among the groups.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between PSQI scores and all WAnT performance measures, indicating poorer sleep quality is associated with lower athletic performance.

Conclusions:

  • Poor sleep quality and late chronotype are linked to reduced athletic performance in elite athletes.
  • Early-type chronotypes exhibit higher sleep quality and enhanced athletic performance compared to late-type chronotypes.
  • Chronotype and sleep quality are significant factors influencing elite athletic outcomes.