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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 22, 2025

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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Evidence for [Coronal] Underspecification in Typical and Atypical Phonological Development.

Alycia E Cummings1, Diane A Ogiela1, Ying C Wu2

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, United States.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|January 8, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with phonological disorders show different brain responses to speech sounds compared to typically developing children, suggesting speech sound development is learned over time.

Keywords:
ERPMMNchildrenphonological disorderphonologyunderspecification

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Featurally Underspecified Lexicon (FUL) theory posits [coronal] as the universal default phoneme place of articulation.
  • Adult studies support this [coronal] underspecification with behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data.
  • Developmental evidence for phonological underspecification remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if children exhibit [coronal] underspecification patterns similar to adults.
  • To compare phonological underspecification in typically developing (TD) children and children with phonological disorders (PD).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an ERP oddball paradigm with English consonants /bɑ/ (labial) and /dɑ/ (coronal) presented to 24 children (ages 4-6).
  • Analyzed neural responses using traditional mean amplitude, cluster-based permutation tests, and single-trial general linear model (GLM).
  • Examined mismatch responses (MMN, PMR) to deviant stimuli in TD and PD groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with PD showed a positive mismatch response (PMR) to /bɑ/, while TD children exhibited a negative mismatch response (MMN).
  • Significant group differences were absent for /dɑ/ responses, suggesting similar processing of the underspecified sound.
  • /bɑ/ deviant ERP responses were larger in TD children than in PD children.

Conclusions:

  • Children with PD may process speech sounds at a less mature phonological stage than their TD peers.
  • Phonological underspecification appears to be a developmental process influenced by language exposure and experience.
  • Neural responses to more specified sounds like /bɑ/ vary significantly between TD and PD children.