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Structural and Extralinguistic Aspects of Code-Switching: Evidence From Papiamentu-Dutch Auditory Sentence Matching.

Luuk Suurmeijer1,2, M Carmen Parafita Couto1,3, Marianne Gullberg4

  • 1Leiden University Center for Linguistics, Leiden, Netherlands.

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|January 8, 2021
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Summary

Code-switching (CS) processing is influenced by directionality, not switch location. Switches from Dutch to Papiamentu were faster, highlighting extralinguistic factors in bilingual language use.

Keywords:
DutchPapiamentuauditory sentence matchingcode-switchingswitch directionalityswitch location

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Sociolinguistics
  • Bilingualism research

Background:

  • Code-switching (CS) research often focuses on switch location, but the interplay between structural and extralinguistic factors remains underexplored.
  • Previous studies suggest structural complexity (within- vs. between-constituent switching) and directionality preferences impact CS processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the joint effects of switch location (VP-external vs. VP-internal) and switch directionality (Papiamentu-to-Dutch vs. Dutch-to-Papiamentu) on the processing of Papiamentu-Dutch mixed sentences.
  • To examine how these factors influence auditory sentence matching performance in bilingual speakers.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty Papiamentu-Dutch bilinguals participated in an auditory sentence matching task.
  • Experimental manipulation of switch location (preverbal/postverbal) and switch directionality (PD/DP) in Subject-Verb-Object sentences.

Main Results:

  • No significant effect of switch location on processing speed was observed.
  • A significant effect of switch directionality was found: switches from Dutch to Papiamentu were processed faster than switches from Papiamentu to Dutch.
  • This directionality effect occurred regardless of the switch location.

Conclusions:

  • Extralinguistic factors, specifically language directionality, play a crucial role in code-switching processing, potentially overriding structural constraints.
  • The findings underscore the complexity of CS and the need for data-driven, cross-disciplinary approaches, especially in less-studied language communities.
  • Unexpected directionality effects challenge existing models and highlight the importance of considering specific language pairs and populations.