Assessment of some heavy metals in crude oil workers from Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq

Heavy metal pollution in the environment has gained interest in the past few decades, as it has been found to accumulate in soil and water, as well as in the human body. Heavy metals present a serious health risk to humans when the concentration level and exposure time are increased. Although they have been extensively studied in the environment and food, little is known regarding their occurrence in the Kurdistan Region of northern Iraq. To fill this gap, we investigated the occurrence of some metals and heavy metals, namely aluminium (Al), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn), in the blood of crude oil workers (40 men) who have worked in crude oil fields for at least 3 years-exposed group. In addition, a control group of 40 men was selected who have never worked or been close to crude oil fields. There is a significant correlation of metal concentrations between exposed and control groups, especially for Al, Ba, Hg, Mn and V (significant for all metals). Even though the correlation for Pb and Zn was weak, the concentrations were higher by 2-folds in the exposed group compared to the control group. Thus, the exposure caused an increase in the concentration of heavy metals by at least 1-fold in the blood of the exposed group compared to the control group. The environmental and ecotoxicological relevance of heavy metals in humans and the environment in areas with industrial activities have yet to be assessed.