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Antigenic analysis of household dust samples.
R A Wood1, P A Eggleston, P Lind
1Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
The American Review of Respiratory Disease
|February 1, 1988
Summary
Household dust in Baltimore homes is nearly universally contaminated with dust mite, cat, and dog allergens, as well as molds. Clinical assessment is poor at predicting the presence or levels of these common indoor allergens.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Allergen Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Household dust is a significant reservoir for allergens that can trigger allergic diseases.
- Common indoor allergens include dust mites, pet dander, and molds, contributing to respiratory conditions.
- Understanding allergen prevalence is crucial for developing effective environmental control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the prevalence and levels of major indoor allergens in homes of allergy patients.
- To assess the correlation between allergen presence and clinical factors.
- To evaluate the reliability of clinical prediction for allergen exposure.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of household dust samples from 106 allergy patients' homes in Baltimore.
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for dust mite (Dermatophagoides spp.) and pet (cat, dog) allergens.
- Microscopic identification and culture for mold assessment.
Main Results:
- Dust mite allergens detected in 99% of homes; animal allergens in 100%; molds in 100%.
- High allergen levels found even in homes without pets.
- No significant correlation between allergen levels and patient's skin test results, asthma history, or symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Dust mite, cat, dog allergens, and molds are ubiquitous in Baltimore homes.
- Clinical assessment is insufficient for predicting the presence and quantity of these indoor allergens.
- Environmental allergen monitoring may be necessary for effective allergy management.