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Bioengineering Approaches for Placental Research.

Mackenzie L Wheeler1, Michelle L Oyen2

  • 1Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|January 9, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New bioengineering models, including computational simulations and cellular organoids, are advancing human placenta research. These tools help study placental development and function, crucial for understanding conditions like preterm birth.

Keywords:
BiomimeticComputational modelsFinite elementsHydrogelsMicrofluidicsOrganoidsTissue engineeringTrophoblast

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Area of Science:

  • Bioengineering
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • The human placenta's complex function is difficult to study due to a lack of adequate in vivo models.
  • Understanding placental function is critical for addressing clinical issues such as preterm birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging computational (in silico) and cellular (in vitro) bioengineering approaches for studying the human placenta.
  • To highlight how these models can investigate placental development and function across gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computational in silico techniques, including multi-scale modeling of placental blood flow and oxygen transport.
  • Review of cellular in vitro approaches, including organoids, tissue engineering, and organ-on-a-chip models.

Main Results:

  • Cellular techniques enable the study of early placental development, including trophoblast invasion and fusion.
  • Computational models facilitate investigation of later-term placental function and related complications.
  • Both approaches offer complementary insights into placental structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • A holistic approach combining in silico and in vitro methods is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of placental function.
  • These advanced models are vital for investigating placental development and its impact on pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth.